Febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in children, but there is no consensus
concerning the duration of the antibiotic treatment. Current recommendations include the use
of an oral antibiotic, chosen between amoxicillin and clavulanic acid or a third-generation
cephalosporin (ceftibuten), for a minimum of seven to a maximum of 14 days. In an antibiotic
overuse-sparing model, proper evaluation of a shorter therapy in the treatment of febrile UTI
in childhood is lacking.
The objective of this randomized controlled trial is to assess the non inferiority of a five
days oral course of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid vs the standard 10-day regimen in the
treatment of febrile UTIs in children.
The trial results might provide evidence of the non-inferiority of a short duration of the
antibiotic course for the treatment of febrile UTI in childhood, contributing to a reduction
in the over-use of antibiotics and consequently limiting the emergence of antibiotic
resistance.