Overview

Reduced-Dose Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy With or Without Cisplatin in Treating Patients With Advanced Oropharyngeal Cancer

Status:
Active, not recruiting
Trial end date:
2024-05-31
Target enrollment:
0
Participant gender:
All
Summary
This randomized phase II trial studies the side effects and how well modestly reduced-dose intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with or without cisplatin works in treating patients with oropharyngeal cancer that has spread to other places in the body (advanced). Radiation therapy uses high energy x rays to kill tumor cells. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as cisplatin, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. It is not yet known whether IMRT is more effective with or without cisplatin in treating patients with oropharyngeal cancer.
Phase:
Phase 2
Accepts Healthy Volunteers?
No
Details
Lead Sponsor:
NRG Oncology
Collaborator:
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Treatments:
Cisplatin
Succinylcholine
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria

Step 1: Registration:

1. Pathologically (histologically or cytologically) proven diagnosis of squamous cell
carcinoma (including the histological variants papillary squamous cell carcinoma and
basaloid squamous cell carcinoma) of the oropharynx (tonsil, base of tongue, soft
palate, or oropharyngeal walls); cytologic diagnosis from a cervical lymph node is
sufficient in the presence of clinical evidence of a primary tumor in the oropharynx.
Clinical evidence should be documented, may consist of palpation, imaging, or
endoscopic evaluation, and should be sufficient to estimate the size of the primary
(for T stage).

2. Patients must have clinically or radiographically evident measurable disease at the
primary site or at nodal stations. Tonsillectomy or local excision of the primary
without removal of nodal disease is permitted, as is excision removing gross nodal
disease but with intact primary site. Limited neck dissections retrieving ≤ 4 nodes
are permitted and considered as non-therapeutic nodal excisions.

3. Immunohistochemical staining for p16 must be performed on tissue, and this tissue must
be submitted for central review. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy specimens may be
used as the sole diagnostic tissue if formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cell block
material is available for p16 immunohistochemistry. FNA specimens prepared with
adequate p16 testing in this manner are acceptable to submit for central review. If
the p16 preparation is not adequate, additional specimens will be required to
establish p16 status. Centers are encouraged to contact the pathology chairs for
clarification.

4. Clinical stage T1-T2, N1-N2b or T3, N0-N2b (AJCC, 7th ed.) including no distant
metastases based on the following diagnostic workup:

- General history and physical examination within 56 days prior to registration;

- Fiberoptic exam with laryngopharyngoscopy (mirror and/or fiberoptic and/or direct
procedure) within 70 days prior to registration;

- One of the following combinations of imaging is required within 56 days prior to
registration:

1. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck (with contrast) and a chest CT
scan (with or without contrast);

2. or an MRI of the neck (with contrast) and a chest CT scan (with or without
contrast);

3. or a CT scan of neck (with contrast) and a PET/CT of neck and chest (with or
without contrast);

4. or an MRI of the neck (with contrast) and a PET/CT of neck and chest (with
or without contrast).

Note: A CT scan of neck and/or a PET/CT performed for the purposes of radiation
planning may serve as both staging and planning tools.

5. Patients must provide their personal smoking history prior to registration. The
lifetime cumulative history cannot exceed 10 pack-years. The following formula is used
to calculate the pack-years during the periods of smoking in the patient's life; the
cumulative total of the number of pack-years during each period of active smoking is
the lifetime cumulative history.

Number of pack-years = [Frequency of smoking (number of cigarettes per day) × duration
of cigarette smoking (years)] / 20

Note: Twenty cigarettes is considered equivalent to one pack. The effect of
non-cigarette tobacco products on the survival of patients with p16-positive
oropharyngeal cancers is undefined. While there are reportedly increased risks of head
and neck cancer associated with sustained heavy cigar and pipe use (Wyss 2013), such
sustained use of non-cigarette products is unusual and does not appear to convey added
risk with synchronous cigarette smoking. Cigar and pipe tobacco consumption is
therefore not included in calculating the lifetime pack-years. Marijuana consumption
is likewise not considered in this calculation. There is no clear scientific evidence
regarding the role of chewing tobacco-containing products in this disease, although
this is possibly more concerning given the proximity of the oral cavity and
oropharynx. In any case, investigators are discouraged from enrolling patients with a
history of very sustained use (such as several years or more) of non-cigarette tobacco
products alone.

6. Zubrod Performance Status of 0-1 within 56 days prior to registration;

7. Age ≥ 18;

8. The trial is open to both genders;

9. Adequate hematologic function within 14 days prior to registration, defined as
follows:

- Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1,500 cells/mm3;

- Platelets ≥ 100,000 cells/mm3;

- Hemoglobin (Hgb) ≥ 8.0 g/dl; Note: The use of transfusion or other intervention
to achieve Hgb ≥ 8.0 g/dl is acceptable.

10. Adequate renal function within 14 days prior to registration, defined as follows:

• Serum creatinine (Cr) < 1.5 mg/dl or creatinine clearance (CC) ≥ 50 ml/min
determined by 24-hour collection or estimated by Cockcroft-Gault formula:

- CC male = [(140 - age) x (wt in kg)] / [(Serum Cr mg/dl) x (72)]

- CC female = 0.85 x (CC male)

11. Adequate hepatic function within 14 days prior to registration defined as follows:

- Bilirubin < 2 mg/dl;

- Aspartate transaminase (AST) or alanine transaminase (ALT) < 3 x the upper limit
of normal.

12. Negative serum pregnancy test within 14 days prior to registration for women of
childbearing potential;

13. Patients who are HIV positive but have no prior Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
(AIDS) -defining illness and have CD4 cells of at least 350/mm3 are eligible.
HIV-positive patients must not have multi-drug resistant HIV infection or other
concurrent AIDS-defining conditions. Patients must not be sero-positive for Hepatitis
B (Hepatitis B surface antigen positive or anti-hepatitis B core antigen positive) or
sero-positive for Hepatitis C (anti-Hepatitis C antibody positive). However, patients
who are immune to hepatitis B (anti-Hepatitis B surface antibody positive) are
eligible (e.g. patients immunized against hepatitis B).

14. The patient must provide study-specific informed consent prior to study entry,
including consent for mandatory submission of tissue for required, central p16 review.

15. Patients who speak English (or read one of the languages for which a translation is
available (see Section 10.2) must consent to complete the mandatory dysphagia-related
patient reported instrument (MDADI). If the patient cannot understand spoken English
and reads only languages not available in the MDADI translations, the patient can
still participate in the trial, as this has been factored into the trial statistics.
For all other patients, the MDADI is mandatory as it is included in the primary
endpoint to be studied.

Step 2: Randomization:

16. p16 positive by immunohistochemistry (defined as greater than 70% strong nuclear or
nuclear and cytoplasmic staining of tumor cells), confirmed by central pathology
review; (see Section 10.1 for details).

Exclusion Criteria

Step 1: Registration:

1. Cancers considered to be from an oral cavity site (oral tongue, floor mouth, alveolar
ridge, buccal or lip), or the nasopharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx, even if p16
positive, or histologies of adenosquamous, verrucous, or spindle cell carcinomas;

2. Carcinoma of the neck of unknown primary site origin (even if p16 positive);

3. Radiographically matted nodes, defined as 3 abutting nodes with loss of the
intervening fat plane;

4. Supraclavicular nodes, defined as nodes visualized on the same axial imaging slice as
the clavicle;

5. Definitive clinical or radiologic evidence of metastatic disease or adenopathy below
the clavicles;

6. Gross total excision of both primary and nodal disease with curative intent; this
includes tonsillectomy, local excision of primary site, and nodal excision that
removes all clinically and radiographically evident disease. In other words, to
participate in this protocol, the patient must have clinically or radiographically
evident gross disease for which disease response can be assessed.

7. Patients with simultaneous primary cancers or separate bilateral primary tumor sites
are excluded with the exception of patients with bilateral tonsil cancers;

8. Prior invasive malignancy (except non-melanomatous skin cancer) unless disease free
for a minimum of 1095 days (3 years) (for example, carcinoma in situ of the breast,
oral cavity, or cervix are all permissible);

9. Prior systemic chemotherapy for the study cancer; note that prior chemotherapy for a
different cancer is allowable;

10. Prior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of
radiation therapy fields;

11. Severe, active co-morbidity defined as follows:

- Unstable angina and/or congestive heart failure requiring hospitalization within
the last 6 months;

- Transmural myocardial infarction within the last 6 months;

- Acute bacterial or fungal infection requiring intravenous antibiotics at the time
of registration;

- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease exacerbation or other respiratory illness
requiring hospitalization or precluding study therapy within 30 days of
registration;

- Hepatic insufficiency resulting in clinical jaundice and/or coagulation defects;
note, however, that laboratory tests for liver function and coagulation
parameters are not required for entry into this protocol other than those
requested in Section 3.2.10.

- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) based upon current Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) definition with immune compromise greater than that
noted in Inclusion Criterion 13; note, however, that HIV testing is not required
for entry into this protocol. The need to exclude patients with AIDS from this
protocol is necessary because the treatments involved in this protocol may be
significantly immunosuppressive. Protocol-specific requirements may also exclude
immuno-compromised patients.

12. Pregnancy; this exclusion is necessary because the treatment involved in this study
may be significantly teratogenic.

13. Prior allergic reaction to cisplatin.