Overview

Or v IV Antibiotics for Infection

Status:
Enrolling by invitation
Trial end date:
2023-01-25
Target enrollment:
0
Participant gender:
All
Summary
Management of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) commonly includes 6 weeks of intravenous (IV) antibiotics after surgical treatment. However, there is little evidence to suggest that oral (PO) therapy results in worse outcomes. This study aims to determine whether or not PO antibiotics are non-inferior to IV antibiotics in treating PJI. The study is a multicenter, parallel-group, randomized (1 : 1), open-label, non-inferiority trial. The non-inferiority margin will be set at 10%. Adults with a clinical diagnosis of PJI according to the International Consensus Meeting (ICM) criteria who would ordinarily receive at least 6 weeks of antibiotics and have received ≤ 7 days of IV therapy from surgery will be included. A total of 308 participants will be centrally computer-randomized to PO or IV antibiotics to complete the first 6 weeks of therapy. Follow-on PO therapy will be permitted in either arm. The primary outcome is the proportion of participants experiencing treatment failure within 1 year. An associated cost-effectiveness evaluation including complications, resource utilization and quality-of-life data will be performed.
Phase:
Phase 3
Accepts Healthy Volunteers?
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Details
Lead Sponsor:
Rothman Institute Orthopaedics
Treatments:
Cefadroxil
Clindamycin
Clindamycin palmitate
Clindamycin phosphate
Doxycycline
Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

- aged ≥ 18 years

- willing and able to give informed consent

- primary THA or TKA diagnosed with PJI based on International Consensus Meeting
criteria

1. A sinus communicating with the prosthesis OR

2. Two positive cultures obtained from the prosthesis OR

3. 3 of 5 criteria:

- Elevated ESR (>30mm/hr) and CRP (>10mg/L)

- Elevated synovial leukocyte count (>3000 cells/µL) or change of ++ on leukocyte
esterase strip

- Elevated synovial neutrophil percentage (>80%)

- One positive culture

- Positive histological analysis of periprosthetic tissue (>5 neutrophils per high power
field in 5 high power fields x400)

- PJI treated by debridement and implant retention, or excision of the prosthetic joint
(with or without planned reimplantation)

- received ≤ 7 days of IV therapy after an appropriate surgical intervention

Exclusion Criteria:

- Previously treated for native septic arthritis or PJI in the same joint

- S. aureus bacteremia on presentation or within the previous month

- clinical, histological or microbiological evidence of mycobacterial, fungal or
parasitic etiology of the infection

- any other concomitant infection that, in the opinion of the clinician responsible for
the patient, requires a prolonged course of IV antibiotic therapy (e.g. bacterial
endocarditis, mediastinal infection, central nervous system infection)

- septic shock or systemic features that, in the opinion of the clinician responsible
for the patient, requires a course of IV antibiotic therapy (the patient could be
re-evaluated if these features resolved)

- an infection for which there are no suitable antibiotic choices to permit
randomization between the two arms of the trial (e.g. when organisms are only
sensitive to IV antibiotics or PO antibiotics)

- unlikely to comply with trial requirements following randomization in the opinion of
the investigator