Intense pulsed light (IPL) has been reported to improve signs and symptoms of dry eye (DE).
Additionally, meibomian gland secretion of lipids has been observed to improve through the
use of IPL. Diquafosol ophthalmic solution (DQS) stimulates P2Y2 receptors on the ocular
surface, which enhances mucin secretion from goblet cells. Therefore, tear film stability and
hydration of the ocular surface can be achieved independent from lacrimal glands function.
The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate and compare the effects of IPL (IPL
group), DQS (DQS group) and IPL in combination with DQS (IPL+ group) in participants with
persistent DE. Tear film lipid layer (TFLL), non-invasive breakup time (NITBUT), tear
meniscus height (TMH), corneoconjunctival staining score (CS), meibum gland (MG) function,
conjunctival hyperemia (RS score), ocular surface disease index (OSDI) will be assessed and
compared at baseline, day-14, and day-28.