Condylomata acuminata (CA) caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually
transmitted disease with half a million new cases diagnosed in the United States per year.
Recurrence is a major challenge for CA treatment. The investigators have demonstrated that
FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells mediate the immunosuppression in large genital warts. And
low-dose cyclophosphamide (CY), a conventional chemotherapy drug, has been reported to
selectively deplete Treg cells in cancer patients. Therefore, the investigators hypothesized
that low-dose CY can be used to treat genital warts. In this study, 104 CA patients have been
recruited for clinical trial with a 1:2 randomization. Among them, 64 patients received
low-dose cyclophosphamide and 32 received placebo. In 8 extra patients, high-dose
cyclophosphamide was given.