Thoracotomy for lung tumor or for minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB)
surgery, may be associated with debilitating pain. Ketamine was shown to enhance opioid
antinociception and prevent opioid resistance. We hypothesize that ketamine given with
morphine would lower morphine consumption and narcotic related side effects after thoracotomy
and provide superior analgesia to morphine given alone.