It is unknown whether early modulation of inflammatory cytokines is associated with improved
patient outcomes, reduced narcotic requirements in orthopaedic patient population, and
improved patient subjective pain after hospital discharge. Preliminary animal and clinical
studies have shown correlation between elevated blood cytokine concentrations during the
acute phase of trauma and the development of post-traumatic complications. Early
administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in animals significantly
reduced inflammatory profiles, improved pulmonary edema, and enhanced arteriole
vasoconstriction in response to hemorrhage. The ability to modify post-traumatic physiologic
response via short-term administration of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) may
lead to improved patient outcome. In addition, given the current landscape for opioid
epidemic in the United States, alternative non-opioid pain management during acute trauma has
the potential to reduce opioid consumption and represents a pivotal component of multimodal
analgesia strategy.
By doing this study, the investigators hope to learn how to provide the best care for all
patients in the state of Kentucky. Patient participation in this research will last about 1
year.