Background:
- Recent studies have shown that the premalignant conditions monoclonal gammopathy of
undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) have a high risk of
progressing to multiple myeloma (MM). There are currently no known effective treatments to
prevent MGUS or SMM from developing into MM, and there are no known tests for determining
whether an individual with MGUS or SMM will develop MM. Researchers are investigating new and
improved imaging techniques that may be able to better detect the progression of MGUS or SMM
into MM.
Objectives:
- To compare the results of three imaging techniques in individuals with MGUS, SMM, and
MM.
- To correlate the information from the imaging studies with established clinical markers
of progression from MGUS/SMM to MM.
Eligibility:
- Individuals at least 18 years of age who have been diagnosed with monoclonal gammopathy of
undetermined significance, smoldering multiple myeloma, or multiple myeloma.
Design:
- Participants will be screened with a physical examination and medical history, and will
provide baseline blood, urine, and bone marrow samples before beginning the imaging
studies.
- Participants will have three imaging studies on separate days: a standard
18-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan (18-FDG
PET/CT), a PET/CT scan with an experimental sodium fluoride-based drug (18-NaF PET/CT),
and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI).
- Participants will be closely monitored during each scan, and will provide additional
blood samples before and after the scans.
- Participants may provide additional blood, urine, tissue, and bone marrow samples for
optional research studies.