Recurrent or refractory Clostridium difficile Infection (RCDI), with a recent increased
incidence, is one of the most difficult and increasingly challenges for CDI. Since Fecal
Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) has been accepted as the first-line therapy for RCDI, it is
prudent to consider less invasive and more convenient means of administering FMT. The
majority of reported FMT procedures have been performed with fresh or frozen stool
suspensions via colonoscopy or nasojejunal tube. Nowadays, using acid-resistant hypromellose
capsules, Youngster et al. significantly simplified the clinical practice of FMT and removed
the need for invasive gastrointestinal procedures. However, to avoid undesirable
disintegration, those capsules containing stool suspensions must be kept frozen all the time,
which extremely limits their widespread application. The purpose of this study is to evaluate
the efficacy and safety of freeze-dried, capsulized FMT for RCDI.