An increase in the utilization of anesthesia and sedation medications by
non-anesthesiologists, including dentists, has grown dramatically. This has been prompted, in
part, by the need for pharmacological tools to address high levels of fear and anxiety about
dental care among the US population and the evidence of oral health disparities among those
who are fearful . Given the prevalence of dental fear in the general population and in the
various populations with the greatest burden of oral diseases, effective sedation techniques
are needed that are safe and effective in the hands of general dentists that make up the
"front line" in the efforts to reduce oral health disparities. This study is to determine
whether, when compared to a saline placebo, a single intraoral submucosal administration of
the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil (0.2 mg) is capable of attenuating in 10 minutes or
less the central nervous system (CNS) depression produced by a paradigm of stacked sublingual
dosing of triazolam (3 doses of 0.25 mg over 90 minutes).