Efficacy of 3 Regimens of Chloroquine and Primaquine for Treatment of P. Vivax Malaria, Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil

• Status: Completed
• Trial end date: 2019-03-12
• Target enrollment: 0
• Participant gender: All

Summary

We plan to assess the efficacy of 3 different regimens of chloroquine and primaquine for the treatment of P. vivax infections in Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil. Patients will be divided in 3 different groups: treatment with regular dose of primaquine (0.5 mg/kg per day for 7 days) with directly observed therapy; regular dose of primaquine without directly observed therapy; and increased total dose of primaquine (0.5 mg/kg per day for14 days) with directly observed therapy. All patients will receive chloroquine (CQ) for three days at a daily dose of approximately 25 mg/Kg in accordance with the Brazilian National Malaria Control guidelines. Clinical and parasitologic parameters will be monitored over a 28-day follow-up period to evaluate drug efficacy and for a total period of 168 days (24 weeks) to evaluate chances of recrudescence, relapse, or reinfection. Results from this drug efficacy study will be used to assist the Brazilian Ministry of Health in assessing their national malaria treatment policy for P. vivax malaria.

• Phase: N/A
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers?: No

Details

• Lead Sponsor: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Collaborators: Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Disease; Ministry of Health, Brazil
• Treatments: Chloroquine; Chloroquine diphosphate; Primaquine

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

• 1. Age ≥5 years 2. Body weight <120 kg 3. Documented fever (axillary temperature ≥37.5o C) or history of fever during the previous 48 hours in the absence of another obvious cause of fever, such as pneumonia, otitis media, etc 4. Monoinfection with P. vivax with parasitemia between 100 and 200,000 asexual parasites/µl as determined by microscopic examination of thick and thin peripheral blood smears 5. Informed consent from the patient or parent/guardian (for those <18 years), assent from child (ages 7 to 17 years inclusive), patients 5 through 6 years old will not need an assent 6. Willingness on the part of the patient to return to the clinic and/or receive home visits for regular check-ups during the 24-week (168 days) follow-up period 7. Place of residence within 30-45 minutes of study site.

Exclusion Criteria:

• 1. Presence of malaria danger signs

1. Unable to drink

2. Vomiting (more than twice in the previous 24 hours)

3. Recent history of convulsions (one or more in the previous 24 hours)

4. Impaired consciousness

5. Unable to sit or stand 2. Presence of signs of severe malaria (WHO criteria)

1. Cerebral malaria (unarousable coma)

2. Severe anemia (hematocrit <15% or clinical signs) hemoglobin <5 mg/ml) (Note: we will use hemoglobin less than 8 mg/ml as exclusion criteria)

3. Renal failure (serum creatinine >3 mg/dL or clinical signs)

4. Pulmonary edema

5. Hypoglycemia (blood glucose <40mg/dL or clinical signs)

6. Shock (systolic blood pressure <70 mm Hg in adults; 50 mm Hg in children)

7. Spontaneous bleeding/disseminate intravascular coagulation

8. Repeated generalized convulsions

9. Acidemia/acidosis (clinical signs)

10. Macroscopic hemoglobinuria

11. Jaundice 3. Self-reported presence of other underlying chronic or severe diseases (e.g., cardiac, renal, hepatic diseases, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malnutrition, psoriasis) 4. History of hypersensitivity reactions to any of the drugs being tested. Mild itching with CQ is not in itself a criterion for exclusion. This occurrence will be evaluated by the study doctor before excluding the patient for this reason alone.

5. Use of drugs with antimalarial activity in the past 30 days. (Annex D) 6. Current pregnancy (either self-reported being pregnant at enrollment or a positive urine or plasma pregnancy test at time of enrollment), previous pregnancy is not an exclusion criteria 7. Hemoglobin <8 mg/mL 8. G6PD deficiency. This will be a late exclusion criteria as soon as the results of G6PD testing becomes available.