Effect of Recombinant Erythropoietin on Numbers of Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Subacute TBI

• Status: Withdrawn
• Trial end date: 2016-12-01
• Target enrollment: 0
• Participant gender: All

Summary

• Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in people under age 45 in industrialized countries. Significant numbers of US veterans from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan return with TBI. However, to date, there are no specific neuroprotective treatment options with proven clinical efficacy.

• Erythropoietin (EPO) is approved by the FDA to treat anemia and has comprehensive preclinical data supporting its neuroprotective and neuroregenerative efficacy following traumatic (TBI) and a wide range of other acquired brain insults. Injury to small and medium-sized cerebral blood vessels is a well recognized consequence of TBI. EPO increases production of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and promotes angiogenesis and neovascularization after TBI. EPO also promotes neurogenesis and improves functional recovery in animals after experimental stroke and TBI. Neovascularization is coupled with neurogenesis, and augmentation of both processes by EPO may result in lessened cognitive deficits. Neovascularization by EPO may prevent post-traumatic deficits in cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), which can be measured noninvasively using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

• This proposal is for a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial designed to obtain data on the effects of EPO in humans with persistent post-concussive symptoms after TBI. The primary objective is to evaluate effect of 4 week administration of recombinant erythropoietin on numbers of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with persistent symptoms during the subacute period after TBI. This information will guide the design of a future definitive study.

• Phase: Phase 2
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers?: No

Details

• Lead Sponsor: Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
• Collaborator: National Institutes of Health (NIH)
• Treatments: Epoetin Alfa

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 18 - 70 years, inclusive

• History of having sustained a TBI > 3 days and < 7 days prior to enrollment. This evidence will be any one of the following:

1. GCS 3 - 12 on first presentation to medical attention

2. Post-traumatic amnesia > 24 hours

3. TBI-related abnormality on neuroimaging

• Persistent post-concussive symptoms

1. Three of more of the following symptoms, which started shortly after the trauma and persist for at least up to the time of enrollment:

• Fatigueability

• Disordered sleep

• Headache

• Vertigo or dizziness

• Irritability or aggression

• Anxiety, depression, or affective instability

• Changes in personality (e.g., social or sexual inappropriateness)

• Apathy or lack of spontaneity

2. Symptoms had their onset after trauma, or there is a significant worsening or pre-existing symptoms after trauma.

• Ability to give consent by the participant himself

• Willingness of women of childbearing potential to use effective contraception during this

Exclusion Criteria:

• Contraindication to EPO therapy:

1. Known allergy to EPO, hypersensitivity to mammalian cell-derived products, or hypersensitivity to albumin

2. Serum hemoglobin > 16 g/dL in a male patient or > 14 g/dL in a female patient; or a platelet count > 400,000/mm3 or serum hemoglobin < 10 g/dL in either a male or female patient

3. liver or kidney disease; the former will be operationally defined as a serum bilirubin > 4 mg/dL, alkaline phosphatase (AP) > 250 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT, AST) > 150 U/L, alanine aminotransferase (SGPT, ALT) >150 U/L, or Moderately decreased GFR 30-59 ml/min/1.73m2

4. Pregnancy or lactating; note that a negative pregnancy test will be required if the patient is a female of childbearing potential

• Use of EPO one month prior to the randomization

• Suspicion of a coagulation disorder associated with bleeding (PTT>45 or INR>1.7, spontaneously out of normal range)

• Pre-existing and active major disabling psychiatric disorder (e.g., schizophrenia or bipolar disorder), or other neurological disease (epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, developmental disorder) not related to TBI

• History of heart disease or heart attack, congestive heart failure, stroke, venous thromboembolism.

• History of disorders that predispose to coagulation (e.g. polycythemia vera, essential thrombocytosis, or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura).

• Uncontrolled hypertension, defined as above 140/90 mm Hg in three measurements in two separate visits despite antihypertensive therapy.

• Known malignant conditions, e.g., melanoma, breast, brain, lung tumor or prostate cancer

• Terminal medical diagnosis consistent with survival < 1 year

• Planned surgical procedure during duration of the study

• Current use of Coumadin or other blood thinners (e.g. Pradaxa, Heparin, Lovenox).

• Any history of previous deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolization (PE), or other thromboembolic event

• Current participation in other interventional clinical trial

• Current use of iron supplements

• Evidence of penetrating brain injury

• Contraindication to MRI scanning

• No adherence to use of effective method of contraception for females of childbearing potential for time from enrollment to the study until 2 weeks after completion of the study drug