Overview

Dideoxycytidine ( Ro 24-2027 ) A Randomized, Open-Label, Comparative Study of Dideoxycytidine ( ddC ) Versus Zidovudine ( AZT ) in Patients With AIDS or Advanced ARC Who Have Received Long-Term AZT Therapy.

Status:
Completed
Trial end date:
1969-12-31
Target enrollment:
0
Participant gender:
All
Summary
To compare the effectiveness of zalcitabine ( dideoxycytidine; ddC ) therapy to zidovudine ( AZT ) in the treatment of AIDS or advanced AIDS related complex ( ARC ) in patients who have already received at least 1 year of AZT therapy and to define the safety profile. ddC has been shown to have an antiviral effect, and AZT is known to significantly decrease mortality and to reduce the frequency of opportunistic infections in patients with AIDS or advanced ARC. After 1 year of AZT therapy, the effectiveness tends to diminish and patients progress with more opportunistic infections and higher mortality rates. This may be due to the emergence of AZT resistant virus isolated from some patients who have been on long-term AZT therapy. These isolates were still sensitive to ddC. A study of long-term effectiveness of ddC in patients with AIDS or advanced ARC who have been on long-term AZT therapy is warranted because (1) ddC has antiviral activity, (2) there is no blood toxicity associated with taking ddC, and (3) the effectiveness of ddC in test tube studies does not seem to be diminished by decreased effectiveness of AZT.
Phase:
Phase 2
Accepts Healthy Volunteers?
No
Details
Lead Sponsor:
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Collaborator:
Hoffmann-La Roche
Treatments:
Zalcitabine
Zidovudine
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria

Concurrent Medication:

Required:

- Aerosolized pentamidine will be given, as tolerated for all patients, for Pneumocystis
carinii pneumonia prophylaxis at a dose of 300 mg once every 4 weeks.

Allowed maintenance treatment with:

- Pyrimethamine (= or < 75 mg/day).

- Sulfadiazine (< 4 gl/day).

- Amphotericin (1 mg/kg/day up to 5 days).

- Fluconazole (400 mg/day).

- Ketoconazole (400 mg/day).

- Acyclovir (up to 12.4 mg/kg q8h IV for zoster or up to 4000 mg/day will be allowed PO
with precautions - nausea and vomiting possible with doses > 1000 mg/day).

- Ganciclovir (6 mg/kg/day).

- Medications for tuberculosis or Mycobacterium avium for patients who have recovered
from toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, candidiasis, herpes virus infections,
cytomegalovirus infections, tuberculosis, or Mycobacterium avium intracellulare.

- Erythropoietin and megace as needed.

- Isoniazid if patient has no peripheral neuropathy at study entry and is taking
pyridoxine at least 50 mg/day concomitantly.

- Phenytoin if patient has no peripheral neuropathy at study entry and has been stable
on the drug for at least 3 months.

Patients must have had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and no other AIDS defining
opportunistic infection present when zidovudine (AZT) therapy was first initiated.

Patients must have:

- Advanced AIDS related complex (ARC).

- Antibody to HIV by federally licensed ELISA and confirmed by Western blot analysis.

- Ability to give conformed consent.

Exclusion Criteria

Co-existing Condition:

Patients are excluded who:

- Have had zidovudine (AZT) therapy interrupted for > 30 consecutive days at any time
during AZT therapy or have been off AZT for > 90 days total.

- Have had AZT therapy interrupted for "recurrent" grade 4 toxicity, defined as > one
episode of the same grade 4 toxicity after dose interruption or attenuation.

- Have visceral or extensive Kaposi's sarcoma requiring therapy or any other malignancy
requiring therapy.

- Have a history of peripheral neuropathy.

Concurrent Medication:

Excluded:

- Other experimental medications, including foscarnet, ribavirin, and fluconazole (prior
to IND approval).

- Other antiretroviral agents, biologic modifiers or corticosteroids.

- Drugs that can cause peripheral neuropathy including phenytoin (under conditions not
specifically allowed), hydralazine, metronidazole, nitrofurantoin, vincristine,
cisplatinum, dapsone, disulfiram, and diethyldithiocarbamate.

Patients with the following are excluded:

- History of peripheral neuropathy or moderate to severe peripheral neuropathy as
defined by the combination of signs or symptoms of peripheral neuropathy and findings
indicative of peripheral neuropathy on the standardized neurologic exam.

- Active opportunistic infection.

- Participation in another research treatment study.

Prior Medication:

Excluded:

- Dideoxycytidine (ddC).

- Didanosine (ddI).

Active substance or alcohol abuse.