Dizocine (0.03 mg/kg) or saline followed by sufentanil 0.4ug/kg was administered, and
induction was completed with 3 min of observation. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure
(MAP) were recorded before induction of anesthesia, before and 1 min after intubation, and
side effects during induction, such as vomiting, hypoxemia (SpO2 <90%), or other expected
effects. The number of coughs was recorded in both groups, and the severity of cough was
defined as follows: mild, 1-2 coughs; moderate, 3-4 coughs; severe, 5 or more coughs.