Sickle cell anemia is a homozygous genetic disease with high prevalence in Brazil. There are
changes in conformation and physicochemical properties of red cells that generate varied
clinical manifestations among which is chronic hemolytic anemia, cardiovascular diseases,
fever, splenic sequestration and usually painful crises. Women with sickle cell anemia have
high maternal-fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. During pregnancy, there is
intensification of maternal anemia, episodes of painful crises; and also, more obstetric
risks, such as pre-eclampsia, thromboembolism and hemorrhage. Thus, there is the need for
adequate reproductive family planning for this population conducted mainly through hormonal
contraception. The World Health Organization recommends that all contraceptive methods may be
prescribed for people with sickle cell anemia women, being the progestogen-only contraceptive
methods the most indicated due to no changes in venous or arterial thrombosis. Nevertheless,
there is need for further scientific evidence as the best contraceptive choice among women
with sickle cell anemia in relation to safety, adhesion and reduction of pain crises. The
objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical effect through safety of
etonogestrel-releasing contraceptive implant in women with sickle cell anemia during twelve
months.