Addition of Belimumab to B-cell Depletion in Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Status:
Recruiting
Trial end date:
2026-06-01
Target enrollment:
Participant gender:
Summary
Multiple sclerosis is the most common inflammatory disease of the central nervous system and
a common cause of disability in young adults. Depleting B cells from the circulation with an
anti-cluster of differentiation (CD) 20 antibodies has proven to be an effective strategy in
reducing relapses and disability in patients with the relapsing-remitting disease. However,
continuous and long-term depletion of B-cells can result in reduced immunoglobulin levels,
immunosuppression, and an increased tendency for severe infections and perhaps, even
malignancy.
Blocking B-cell Activating Factor (BAFF) is effective for the treatment of several autoimmune
disorders. Belimumab, a BAFF blocking antibody, has been approved by the Food and Drug
Administration for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Belimumab has been shown to
have immunomodulatory properties, without resulting in overt immunosuppression.
The investigators hypothesize that belimumab, given to patients who received a short course
of treatment with B-cell depleting antibody (ocrelizumab), will be safe and equally effective
in reducing MS disease activity (as compared to patients receiving continuous treatment with
ocrelizumab); while resulting in less immunosuppression, as measured by antibody response to
pneumococcal vaccination. Currently, available treatment strategies in relapsing MS sacrifice
higher efficacy for long-term safety or vice versa. The proposed strategy in this application
combines the long-term safety and high efficacy to treat patients with relapsing-remitting
multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and, if eventually proven effective, can be adopted in a large
proportion of patients with this chronic disease.
This is a randomized, open-labeled trial. Forty eligible participants will be randomized 1:1
to either receiving a form of standard of care, ocrelizumab (300 mg two infusions two weeks
apart at baseline and then 600 mg as a single infusion every six months) or belimumab (200 mg
subcutaneous (SC) weekly for 36 months) plus two courses of ocrelizumab (300 mg two infusions
two weeks apart at baseline and 600 mg as a single infusion six months later). Co-primary
outcomes of the study include pneumococcal vaccine antibody response, the return of MS
disease activity, and proportions of patients with adverse events and serious adverse events.