Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a global health problem as it is associated with
peptic ulcers, chronic gastritis, duodenitis, and stomach cancer.
Therefore, the eradication of the pathogen is of critical importance to reduce H.
pylori-related complications .
However, due to increasing antibiotic resistance, eradication of Helicobacter pylori has
become more challenging. With a great decline in the eradication rate of standard triple
therapy for Helicobacter pylori to below 70% in many countries.
Treatment with triple therapy, which is the most frequently recommended, fails to eradicate
H. pylori in approximately 20% of cases .